Case Study Havaianas: A Brazilian Brand Goes Global Essay

Question 1: What elements could clarify the achievement of Havaianas in turning into a worldwide brand? 1.) Stable and all around created financial foundation through acquisitions and developments lead to a colossal shoe piece of the pie * Sao Paulo Alpargatas exists since 1939, specialization in four specialty units: (shoes, outdoor supplies, mechanical material and retail) * Controling Shareholder (67%): Camargo Correa Group with activity in 20 nations * Acquisition of Companhia Brasileira de Sandalias (Dupã © brand) in 2006 prompts expanded offer in the Brazilian flip failure advertise * Acquisition of 60% of Alpargatas Argentina to extend in Latin America 2.) Long understanding and skill in assembling shoes and delivering the unique elastic * Own operational and strategic frameworkâ * Extension of the assembling plant in 2007 ( capacity to create 212 million sets of shoes every year) * Production in the upper east of Brazil, Santa Rita, so as to decrease costs, increment profitability and further smooth out the calculated system * Headquters in Camargo Correas Centro Empresarial to upgrade the managerial procedures 3.) Product advancement * From one style with five hues to 509 new models of shoes and game footwear * Different structures and hues * Special releases 4.) Product properties * Low cost: moderate * Durability, vigorous * Comfortable * Trademark in 1962 * â€Å"shoes for the poor†, outside work (espresso bean pickers and blue collarâ workers), throughout the day shoes * For blistering and moist climate 5.) Repositioning of the brand (1994) * Before: one style and five hues, poor purpose of deals execution and useful based promotion, picture of a modest item that can be purchased all over the place * â€Å"Havaianas Top†, coordinating sole and tie * in 13 hues * slight premium cost * promoting indicating high society buyers and superstars wearing Havaianas * update through better bundling * new deals channels with increasingly passionate setting * Continuous item advancement * Launch of new structures (80 styles) * Incorporation of world design patterns * Changing costumers * Opinion pioneers, VIPs and privileged costumer wear Havaianas at home, yet in numerous spots and events * Free exposure from fans (worldwide style and famous actors) * International style magazines, catwalk, MTV Music Awards and the Hollywood Oscars 2003 * Communication * 12% of the turnover was spent for advertising * Buzz showcasing and publicizing with electronic media * Local and worldwide VIPs * Online publicizing, youtube recordings, †¦ * Co-marking: Havaianas was connected to biological causes due to IPE restricted releases and constrained versions by popular craftsmen, that financed â€Å"favela† ventures Question 2: How far goes the organization as far as growing the brand? 1.) 1960 fare to Latin America 2.) 1990 the travel industry to Brazil expanded and Havaianas were brought home 3.) 1998 major fare to France * Europe (significant markets are Italy, Portugal, France, Spain, Switzerland, Netherlands) * At the Soccer World Cup of 1998 Havaianas with the Brazilian banner on the lash turned into a moment hit 4.) Communication procedure change * Europe, France * Independently oversaw markets (nearby business people) * European auxiliary to blend the brand methodology, promoting, item and value situating * In 2001 â€Å"Tudo Bem† was set up as an official shipper * Cooperation with directing architects from design to extravagance * Sponsorships (occasions at stylish discotheques, extravagant lodgings, exercise centers) * Customize your own Havaianas * US * Havaianas turned into a â€Å"must wear† * In 2004 â€Å"Style West†, elite wholesaler, prepared famous people and planners each season with the most sultry hues * In 2007, section in the US advertise with a guerilla showcasing methodology * In request to get understudies, the brand must be bona fide, over-advancement can make a brand less cool * The US showcase is very intriguing a direct result of the enormous value, that costumers are happy to pay: up to $30 * Asia * Countries with the perfect Havaiana climate: Philippines, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand * Hot and muggy climate and comparable footwear culture to Brazil * Philippines is the main market with a noteworthy degree of deals * Reason of Haivaiana the fall flat: Large white collar class or beneath and many marked US, EU and Asian contenders just as modest and unbranded Chinese business people * Japan * Fashion cognizant and blistering and damp climate * Limited releases solely for Japan with Chiso * Advertising and buzz promoting procedures 5.) 2007: 20.000 stores in more than 65 nations Main markets: Brazil, US, Australia, Latin America Question 3: How feasible is their upper hand? 1.) Consumers love the â€Å"Made in Brazil factor† * This is one of the most economical elements of Havaianas’ upper hand as long as the positive Brazilian picture not changes 2.) Bigger size than its rivals: Economies of Scale * This achievement factor is difficult to repeat and makes an economical upper hand just as a cost advantage * Production in the upper east of Brazil, Santa Rita, so as to lessen costs, increment efficiency and further smooth out the calculated system * Headquters in Camargo Correas Centro Empresarial to enhance the authoritative procedures 3.) Bigger piece of the overall industry than its rivals: Expansion of the piece of the overall industry through the obtaining of other flip lemon organizations * Due to the Economies of scaleâ * Due to promoting and marking 4.) Unique brand situating * Celebrities and feeling setters have just adjusted the pattern, this upper hand is successful and convincing however just as long feasible as Havaianas are not supplanted by other footwear brands * Production in the upper east of Brazil, Santa Rita, so as to lessen costs, increment efficiency and further smooth out the strategic system * Headquters in Camargo Correas Centro Empresarial to improve the regulatory procedures 5.) Continuous item development * Adaption to real inclinations and patterns is the best insurance of keeping one’s notoriety and piece of the overall industry. 6.) Top-emit elastic formula * Sustainable upper hand as long as there is no better formula. 7.) Authentic solace and quality * Authentic picture not at any rate because of environmental cognizant co-marking. Havaianas have the greatest piece of the overall industry on the grounds that their clients are persuaded of the quality, cost (in Brazil) and in vogue passionate worth. This bundle is one of the keys of the brand’s achievement and is just difficult to recreate of its rivals.

Beverly Cleary Childrens Book Author of Ramona Quimby

Beverly Cleary Children's Book Author of Ramona Quimby Beverly Cleary, who turned 100 years of age on April 12, 2016, is the cherished writer of 30 childrens books, some distributed over 60 years prior, all still in print, alongside two personal histories. She was respected by the Library of Congress in 2000 as a Living Legend and has won various honors for her childrens books, including the John Newbery Medal and the National Book Award. Childrens books by Beverly Cleary have enchanted youngsters, especially 8 to 12-year-olds, for a few ages. Her entertaining, yet reasonable, childrens books about the normal existences of youngsters, alongside such engaging characters as Ramona Quimby and Henry Huggins, have caught the enthusiasm of kids the world over. Beverly Cleary has composed 30 or more books, including three about a feisty mouse. Her books have been converted into in excess of twelve dialects. Likewise, Ramona and Beezus, a film dependent on Clearys Ramona Quimby and her more established sister, Beatrice Beezus Quimby, was discharged in 2010. Beverly Cleary and Her Award-Winning Childrens Books Beverly Bunn was conceived April 12, 1916, in McMinnville, Oregon and spent her initial a very long time in Yamhill where her mom began a little library. In this way started the writers deep rooted love of books. Her family moved to Portland when Beverly was six years of age; she was charmed to locate an enormous open library. Beverly proceeded to contemplate library science at the University of Washington in Seattle and turned into a childrens administrator. In 1940, she wedded Clarence Cleary. Beverly Clearys first book, Henry Huggins was distributed in 1950 and was roused by a kid who whined to the administrator that there werent any books about children like him. It, and different books about Henry Huggins and his pooch Ribsy stay famous today. Her latest book, Ramonas World, was distributed in 1999 and highlights one of her most adored characters, Ramona Quimby. The primary film dependent on Clearys Ramona Quimby, Ramona and Beezus, focuses on grade schooler Ramonas relationship with her more seasoned sister, Beatrice. This relationship is a piece of the entirety of the Ramona books, yet most especially in the book Beezus and Ramona. Beverly Cleary has won various honors, including the John Newbery Medal for Dear Mr. Henshaw.â Two of her books about Ramona Quimby, Ramona and Her Father and Ramona Quimby, Age 8 were assigned Newbery Honor Books. Cleary likewise got the Laura Ingalls Wilder Award out of appreciation for her commitments to childrens writing. On the off chance that that is insufficient, her books have likewise won around three dozen statewide childrens decision grants and she won the National Book Award for Ramona and Her Mother. The Klickitat Street Books of Beverly Cleary At the point when she was a youngster, Cleary saw that there didnt appear to be any books about kids like the ones who lived in her neighborhood. When Beverly Cleary started composing childrens books, she made her own variant of Klickitat Street, a genuine road close to her youth neighborhood in Portland, Oregon. The youngsters who live on Klickitat Street depend on the kids she grew up with. Fourteen of Clearys books are determined to Klickitat Street, starting with her first book, Henry Huggins. While Henry was the focal point of the main books, various Beverly Clearys books additionally featured Beatrice Beezus Quimby and Beezus younger sibling, Ramona. Truth be told, Ramona has been the title character in the last seven of the Klickitat Street books. The latest Ramona book, Ramonas World, turned out in 1999. HarperCollins distributed a soft cover form in 2001. With a fifteen-year break between Ramonas World and the last past Ramona book, you may be a little anxious about an absence of continuity. But in ​Ramonas World, as in her different books highlighting Ramona Quimby, Cleary is spot on as she addresses, in normally entertaining design, the changes of the life of Ramona Quimby, presently a fourth grader. Beverly Clearys books have stayed famous in light of characters like Ramona. In the event that your kids havent read any of her books, nows an opportunity to acquaint them with Clearys books.â They may likewise appreciate the film form, Ramona and Beezus.

The Health Effects of Commonly Used Drugs

The Health Effects of Commonly Used Drugs Addiction Drug Use Print The Health Effects of Commonly Used Drugs All drug abuse can affect your health By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Updated on June 24, 2019 Jupiterimages/The Image Bank/Getty Images More in Addiction Drug Use Cocaine Heroin Marijuana Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery One of the myths floating around about drug abuse is if it can be or usually is used as a medication, its not harmful. Contrary to what some believe, the abuse or nonmedical use of any drug can have long-lasting effects on your health. The truth is even the safest drugs can have negative effects on your health and well-being if they are used too often or over too long a period of time. Besides alcohol (which has its own set of health effects), the following are the most commonly abused drugs in the United States, in order of popularity, and how they can affect your health. Marijuana Marijuana is the most commonly used illicit drug in the United States. When smoked, it begins to affect users almost immediately and can last for one to three hours. Users claim that smoking marijuana is not harmful, but scientific evidence proves otherwise. Prescription Drugs According to the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), the second most popular drugs of abuse in the U.S. are psychotherapeutics including pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, and sedatives. This involves the nonmedical use of prescription drugs, over-the-counter drugs, and drugs that may be manufactured illegally, such as methamphetamine and ecstasy. The Effects of OxycontinThe Effects of MethamphetamineThe Effects of Ecstasy (MDMA)The Danger of Sedative Overdose Cocaine and Crack Cocaine Approximately 2.1 million people in the U.S. use cocaine, making it the third most abused category of drug. Cocaine can be snorted, injected and even smoked in some forms of the drug. In all cases, cocaine is a strong central nervous system stimulant which affects the brain. The Health Effects of CocaineEffects of Cocaine Hallucinogens Each month, more than a million people in the U.S. use hallucinogens such as LSD, PCP, Ketamine, and DMX, according to NSDUH. Hallucinogens disrupt a persons ability to think and communicate rationally, or even to recognize reality, sometimes resulting in bizarre or dangerous behavior. The Effects of LSDThe Effects of PCPThe Effects of KetamineThe Effects of Dextromethorphan (DMX) Heroin Of all the illicit drugs available on the market today, heroin is the least commonly abused, with only an estimated 200,000 current users in the United States. Thats probably because it is the most addictive of all the street drugs. Whether injected, snorted or smoked, heroin will begin to affect the bodys central nervous system almost immediately after it is used. The Health Effects of HeroinShort-Term Effects of HeroinLong-Term Effects of Heroin Has Your Health Been Affected? If you believe that your health has been affected by your use of illicit drugs or nonmedical use of prescription or over-the-counter drugs, seek medical attention immediately. If you need help trying to stop taking drugs there are many help and support resources available.

What Makes a Child Disadvantaged Essay - 2815 Words

What Makes a Child Disadvantaged Disadvantaged children tend to be slightly ignored when one thinks of education. However, they are individuals just like any other child and they should be given the same opportunities that all children have. Poverty is a huge problem in many areas of the world. MacQueen states â€Å"poverty puts children behind from birth, and keeps them behind for life (2003).† If a child is in a household with little money, they may lack â€Å"the stable home in a safe neighbourhood, adequate nutrition, and the kind of involved parenting† that would be influential on the correct and desired development of the young child (MacQueen, 2003). Children with handicaps, whether they are physical or mental, also fit into the†¦show more content†¦17). These experiences can hopefully spark a child’s interest in learning. The effects of early childhood educational programs, both short and long-term, for all children are remarkable. Some assume that children with disabilities cannot get the full experience and that they cannot take advantage of those experiences that they would encounter in a preschool type program. On the other hand, a study done by Lamorey and Bricker found that â€Å"children with disabilities enrolled in integrated early childhood programs demonstrated higher lever of social play and more appropriate social interactions, and were more likely to initiate interactions with peers† (Diamond, 1994, par. 2). Gains in socialization and interaction with peers are just the beginning of the effects that these ‘early intervention’ type programs have on children (Smith, 1988, par. 1). Even though some may believe that disadvantaged students may get socially abused in a preschool type program, the social development of the disadvantaged child can be one of the most influential effects that these programs can have on the student. Any one person can tell from experience that children who have any type of disadvantage tend to be either secluded from the rest of society or to be more antisocial and isolated. In a study called the Ypsilanti Perry PreschoolShow MoreRelatedControversy Raised Over Section 12 Essay1738 Words   |  7 PagesSome controversies raised over Section 12(1)(c) and (2) of the Act, which require private, unaided schools to admit at least 25% of students from SCs, STs, low-income and other disadvantaged or weaker groups. The Act stated that these schools shall be reimbursed for either their tuition charge or the per-student expenditure in government schools, whichever is lower. After the Act was notified on April 1, 2010, the Society for Unaided P rivate Schools of Rajasthan filed a writ petition challengingRead MoreHIV Prevention for Indigent Communities Essay1535 Words   |  7 Pages Imagine a world where an innocent child is given HIV due to mother to child transmission. 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Security Testing from Agile Perspective - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1484 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/09/25 Category Advertising Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Development Essay Did you like this example? Security testing from perspective of scrum development Rudra Prasad Tripathy Ph. D. scholar, Utkal university Technical architect, JDA india software(P) Ltd. Hyderabad,India [emailprotected] com Ranjit Kumar Panda Senior Engineer, MindTree Limited Bangalore, India panda. [emailprotected] com Abstract— We are trying to show how security testing plays predominant role in secured development and through agile methodology-particularly scrum is a suitable development process. Keywords-scrum;security testing. 1. Introduction Application security is in attention for last few years where security no more allures to network security and transcen. Security testing is also crux of secured development though it’s not getting its due importance. In this paper we would discuss issues involved in security testing in traditional software development lifecycle approach like waterfall and would compare with scrum methodology, which is a agile methodology to see how it would smoothen few issues and would facilitate security testing. We would take cross-side scripting as the example to illustrate the study. 1. 1What is security testing? Application security would basically deals with the situation to try to break the software as what an attacker would do. This is different from traditional testing because of following idiosyncratic features. a. Traditional testing doesn’t deal with what happens if it fails, where as security testing objective to break the system and would play a role of antagonist. Hence it requires dexterity and experience to draw suitable test cases apart from tools and frameworks.. b. This would be part of risk management and hence need to reckon the cost involved. We may need to define adequate security [1] parlance to application’s business domain and value proposition aimed at. For example definition of adequate security a online credit card application and online healthcare system would differ. Hence prioritiz ation and budgeting of resources are few factors need to be considered. c. Testing of different possible vulnerabilities [2]. 1. 2Security testing approaches. Currently application security testing has been done as a white box testing, may be with help of few tools like static analysis tools to study the vulnerability. Apart from that non functional testing has been conducted to see chance of failures against vicarious attack of adversary. 1. 3Cross-Site Scripting Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities were verified as executing code on the web application. This occurs when dynamically generated web pages display user input, such as login information, that is not properly validated, allowing an attacker to embed malicious scripts into the generated page and then execute the script on the machine of any user that views the site. XSS can generally be subdivided into two categories-stored and reflected attacks. Stored attacks are something like form stored on the target server, such as in a database, or via a submission to a bulletin board or visitor log. Reflected attacks, on the other hand, come from somewhere else. This happens when user input from a web client is immediately included via server-side scripts in a dynamically generated web page. Insufficient filtering of client-supplied data that is returned to web users by the web application is the major cause. In many cases, the client-supplied data is being used in the HTTP headers, which could be exploited by using carriage return-linefeed sequence-an attacker can add HTTP headers to the response and completely write the body of the HTTP request. 2. MOTIVATION In one of the web application, an XSS was found through use of third party tool. This was a critical defect. Design had been made and after implementation code had been tested by security compliance team. Cross-site scripting carried out on websites were roughly 80% of all security vulnerabilities documented by Symantec as of 2007. A ful l security review usually involves more than just seeking out XSS vulnerabilities. it also involves overall threat modeling, testing for different threats like overflows, information disclosure, error handling, SQL injection, authentication, and authorization bugs. The nice thing is that doing a thorough job in any one area often overlaps with another. Like, while testing for XSS vulnerabilities, you will very often identify error handling and information disclosure problems as well. Though automated tool like webinspect were available, we did some manual testing through a tool called Paros [8] for HTTP traffic interception. Intercepting the client GET and POST requests is extremely important. One could circumvent any sort of client-side JavaScript input validation code that may have been pushed down. A simple test will be changing a get parameter in the request. Let the URL is as below https://www. yoursite. com/index. html? param=test. One would modify the URL like https://w ww. yoursite. com/index. html? name=alert(XSS), and subsequently, if a popup opens up saying XSS then this parameter is open to XSS vulnerable. Paros Proxy is used to intercept the request parameter. Using this tool we will inject some malicious javascript code into the cookies, header or form parameters. If the code will be executed while the response is displayed in the browser, the application is vulnerable to XSS. 2. 1 Security testing models There are many methodologies proposed by SEI [5] like SSE-CMM, TSM for secured development. Following are the steps for secured development life cycle [4] followed at Microsoft. Stage 0: Education and Awareness Stage 1: Project Inception Stage 2: Define and Follow Design Best Practices Stage 3: Product Risk Assessment Stage 4: Risk Analysis Stage 5: Creating Security Documents, Tools, and Best Practices for Customers Stage 6: Secure Coding Policies Stage 7: Secure Testing Policies Stage 8: The Security Push Stage 9: The Final Security Re view Stage 10: Security Response Planning Stage 11: Product Release Stage 12: Security Response Execution This best suits to development practice like waterfall model. 2.. 2 Techniques for security testing Though security testing requires some level of craftsmanship, still we could derive some common techniques for analysis. We can broadly divide insecurities into two categories –insecurity by design and insecurity by implementation [7]. Analyses of bugs are another way of identifying the problem and deriving the solution, to some extent general use of this could be ascribes to already available taxonomies. We could see how following agile practice would better tackle the problems and techniques could be applied in a better way. 3. ACHIEVING AGILITY Many enterprises like Microsoft [9], IBM have presented skewed steps of normal life cycle to achieve agility Followings are mapping between steps provided for agile development features of scrum process. In above mentioned w orks authors try to explain from waterfall perspective of agile. In the following points, we are trying to show how agile is inherently suitable for secured development and particularly for security testing. . Short development period A typical development period is 2-3 weeks which means at end of every sprint one would test the software. In various papers, limitation of seven plus minus two has been advocated. Duration of 2-3 week development would make it easier for a security tester to identify impacted area, hence would help in fuzz testing. ii. Incremental development As the development is incremental, work like threat modeling. It also help in planning when to implement requirement exceptions and hence security review. iii. Cross functional team As there is paucity of security experts, one would conduct sprints specific to implement security features. As output application size is incremental developer would find it easy to do code review and rectify cryptographic error cod e. iv. Defining done Though 2-3 weeks is a small amount of time, we cannot really achieve everything. But we could define what we mean by done. We may define identifying issues as done only, may be through static analysis tool. There is a flexibility to inject short sprints in between where we could pick up security implementation instead of product features. Hence agile is a natural choice for secured development. v. No Documentation Maintaining document for threat modeling and other security test cases would be redundant and overhead maintaining documents for satisfying process requirement would not be required. Hence from process perspective we don’t need to do agile, secured testing can be agile. 4. CONCLUSION There is a gap in understanding of scrum from quality perspective. We tried to bridge the gap and to make development process more secured. Further empirical studies and experience papers would help to buttress use of agile for development of secured applicati ons and products. References 1]Bruce Potter and McGraw Gary, â€Å"Software Security Testing† [Article], IEEE Security and Privacy. 2004. pp. 32-35. 2]C. E. Landwehr et al. , â€Å"A Taxonomy of Computer Program Security Flaws,with Examples†, tech. report NRL/FR/5542—93/9591, Naval Research Laboratory, Nov. 1993. 3]Allen Julia, Barnum Sean, Ellison Robert, McGraw Gary and Mead Nancy. â€Å"Software Security: A Guide for Project Managers†, Addison-Wesley, 2008. 4]Steve Lipner,Michael Howard,†The Trustworthy Computing Security Development Lifecycle†,Security Engineering and Communications Security Business and Technology Unit,Microsoft Corporation, March 2005. 5]Noopur Davis,†Secure Software Development Life Cycle Processes†, Software Engineering Institute ,2009. 6]K Tsipenyuk, B Chess, G McGraw IEEE Security Privacy Magazine, 2005 7]OWASP Top Ten Most Critical Web Application Security Vulnerabilities, https://www. owasp. org /documentation/topten. html 8]https://www. parosproxy. org 9]https://www. blackhat. com/presentations/bh-dc-10/Sullivan_Bryan/BlackHat-DC-2010-Sullivan-SDL-Agile-wp. pdf Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Security Testing from Agile Perspective" essay for you Create order

Wildlife-Conservation and Importance (India) Free Essays

Conservation is the act of using and protecting resources properly. Catching animals, throwing garbage, and using and harnessing the different resources should all adhere to the proper way of conservation. \ Wildlife includes all non-domesticated plants, animals and other organisms. We will write a custom essay sample on Wildlife-Conservation and Importance (India) or any similar topic only for you Order Now Domesticating wild plant and animal species for human benefit has occurred many times all over the planet, and has a major impact on the environment, both positive and negative. Wildlife can be found in all ecosystems. Deserts, rain forests, plains, and other areas including the most developed urban sites Importance for Wildlife Conservation * Maintains ecological balance the organisms have their unique positions in food chains, food webs which keep ecological balance. * Wild life contributes to the maintenance of material cycles such as carbon and nitrogen cycles. * For improvement and progress in agriculture, animal husbandry and fisheries the genes from wild life preserved as gene bank are utilised in breeding programmes. * Wild life provides a number of useful products like food, medicine, honey, lac, wax, resin, etc. * Colourful birds, insects, beautiful flowers, trees make environment beautiful. Nature†¦ (Indescribable) Food, pets, traditional medicines Anthropologists believe that the Stone Age peoples and hunter-gatherers relied on wildlife, both plant and animal, for their food. In fact, some species may have been hunted to extinction by early human hunters. Today, hunting, fishing, or gathering wildlife is still a significant food source in some parts of the world. In other areas, hunting and non-commercial fishing are mainly seen as a sport or recreation, Many Amazon species, including peccaries, agoutis, turtles, turtle eggs, anacondas, armadillos, etc. are sold primarily as food. Others in these informal markets, such as monkeys and parrots, are destined for the pet trade, often smuggled into the United States. Still other Amazon species are popular ingredients in traditional medicines sold in local markets. The medicinal value of animal parts is based largely on superstition. Religion Many wildlife species have spiritual significance In different cultures around the world, and they and their products may be used as sacred objects in religious rituals. For example, eagles, hawks and their feathers have great cultural and spiritual value to Habitat destruction and fragmentation Farms sprawl across the landscape with paddocks. Media Wildlife has long been a common subject for educational television shows. National Geographic specials appeared on CBS beginning in 1965, The BBC natural history unit in the UK was a similar pioneer, the first wildlife series LOOK presented by Sir Peter Scott, was a studio-based show, with filmed inserts There are many magazines which cover wildlife including National Wildlife Magazine, Birds Blooms, Birding (magazine), and Ranger Rick (for children). Tourism Fuelled by media coverage and inclusion of conservation education in early school curriculum, Wildlife tourism Ecotourism has fast become a popular industry generating substantial income for developing nations with rich wildlife specially, Africa and India. Destruction The rate of extinctions of entire species of plants and animals across the planet has been so high in the last few hundred years it is widely considered that we are in the sixth great extinction event on this planet; the Holocene Mass Extinction. The four most general reasons that lead to destruction of wildlife include Overkill. Overkill occurs whenever hunting occurs at rates greater than the reproductive capacity of the population is being exploited. Hunting, fishing and so on, has lowered the competition between members of a population. However, if this hunting continues at rate greater than the rate at which new members of the population can reach breeding age and produce more young, the population will begin to decrease in numbers. Habitat destruction and fragmentation The habitat of any given species is considered its preferred area or territory. Many processes associated human habitation of an area cause loss of this area and decrease the carrying capacity of the land for that species. Examples of habitat destruction include grazing of bush land by farmed animals, changes to natural fire regimes, forest clearing for timber production and wetland draining for city expansion. Impact of introduced species The vast majority of species exposed to a new habitat do not reproduce successfully. Occasionally, however, some populations do take hold and after a period of acclimation can increase in numbers significantly, having destructive effects on many elements of the native environment. The Rattus Rattus is native to India, but it has spread to almost everywhere in the world. This rat has directly caused, or contributed to, the extinction of multiple wildlife species including a variety of birds, plants and other small mammals. They’re blamed for the incredible decline in seabirds on several islands, including many Hawaiian species Some introduced species (such as most of our food crops and pets) are beneficial. However, others are very damaging. People have moved species around the world for millenia, sometimes by accident, but often with considerable enthusiasm. English garden birds in New Zealand are merely quaint curiosities introduced by settlers wanting the familiar species of their former homes. Some introductions have been devastating — goats or rabbits on various islands, for example. Other introductions, such as those of genetically engineered organisms, present potential problems yet to be considered in any detail. Chains of extinction This final group is one of secondary effects. Large herbivorous animals such as the hippopotamus have populations of insectivorous birds that feed off the many parasitic insects that grow on the hippo. Should the hippo die out, so too will these groups of birds, leading to further destruction as other species dependent on the birds are affected. Also referred to as a Domino effect Wildlife of India The wildlife of India is a mix of species of diverse origins. According to one study, India along with 17 mega diverse countries is home to about 60-70% of the world’s biodiversity. India’s wildlife is both rich and varied. More than 4% of India’s land is under forest cover- there are at least 90 national parks and 482 wildlife sanctuaries. The country is one of the 12 mega diversity areas in the world, in terms of animal. Many Indian species are descendants of taxa originating in Gondwana, to which India originally belonged. Peninsular India’s subsequent movement towards, and collision with, the Laurasian landmass set off a mass exchange of species. Fauna the political boundaries of India encompass a wide range of ecozones—desert, high mountains, highlands, tropical and temperate forests, swamplands, plains, grasslands, areas surrounding rivers, as well as island archipelago. It hosts three biodiversity hotspots: the Western Ghats, the Eastern Himalayas, and the hilly ranges that straddle the India-Myanmar border. The region is also heavily influenced by summer monsoons that cause major seasonal changes in vegetation and habitat. India is home to several well known large mammals including the Asian Elephant, Bengal Tiger, Asiatic Lion, Leopard and Indian Rhinoceros. Some of these animals are engrained in culture, often being associated with deities. These large mammals are important for wildlife tourism in India and several national parks and wildlife sanctuaries cater to these needs. The need for conservation of wildlife in India is often questioned because of the apparently incorrect priority in the face of direct poverty of the people. Skins of various animals including the tiger in Kashmir However Article 48 of the Constitution of India specifies that, â€Å"The state shall endeavor to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wildlife of the country† and Article 51-A states that â€Å"it shall be the duty of every citizen of India to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers, and wildlife and to have compassion for living creatures. Recent extinctions Exploitation of land and forest resources by humans along with hunting and trapping for food and sport has led to the extinction of many species in India in recent times. These species include mammals such as the Indian /Asiatic Cheetah, Javan Rhinoceros and Sumatran Rhinoceros Many species have not been seen since their description. The Bengal Tigers in India, although they are threatened to extinction. Some species of birds have gone extinct in recent times, including the Duck and the Himalayan Quail Flora The Flora of India is one of the richest of the world due to a wide range of climate, topology and environments in the country. With about 47000 species of plant species, it occupies tenth place in the world. It is thought there are over 15000 species of flowers in India, which account for 6 percent of the total plant species in the world. [1] and probably many more species. Since ancient times, use of plants as a source of medicines has been the inherent part of life in India. There are more than 3000 officially documented plants in India that holds great medicinal potential. India comprises of seven percent of world’s flora. India is divided into main eight floristic regions namely – Western Himalayas, Eastern Himalayas, Assam, Indus plain, Ganga plain, the Deccan, the Malabar and the Andamans. The classification and ranking of plants varies. Recent extinctions Kerala Legume Tree(1870, India) Arunchal Hopea Tree(1996, India)Nilgiri Holly –(1859, India)Karnataka Sapota(1900, India)Meghalaya Sterculia (1877, India)Courtallum Wendlandia(1997, India) Avi-faunas In India India is blessed with over 2000 species and sub-species of birds. The diverse birdlife of the forests includes large hornbills, serpent eagles and fishing owls, as well as the elegant national bird, the peacock. Waterbirds, such as herons, ibises, storks, cranes, pelicans and others, are seen not only in parks but at numerous special waterbird sanctuaries. These sanctuaries contain large breeding colonies, and are of great importance for the countless numbers of migrating birds which visit India annually. Reptiles In India Among the other wildlife are over 500 species of reptiles and amphibians, including magnificent king cobras, pythons, crocodiles, large freshwater tortoises and monitor lizards. A huge number of snake varieties, lizards and crocodiles account for the reptile count. Snakes include the deadly King cobras to the equally poisonous Kraits. Scorpions and insects are a plenty in this country. Major threats to wildlife Major threats to wildlife can be categorized as below: Habitat Loss: Fewer natural wildlife habitat areas remain each year. Moreover, the habitat that remains has often been degraded to bear little resemblance to the natural wild areas which existed in the past. †¢ Climate Change: Because many types of plants and animals have specific habitat requirements, climate change could cause disastrous loss of wil dlife species. A slight drop or rise in average rainfall will translate into large seasonal changes. Hibernating mammals, reptiles, amphibians and insects are harmed and disturbed. Plants and wildlife are sensitive to moisture change so, they will be harmed by any change in the moisture level. Pesticides Toxic Chemicals: Pesticides are deliberately spread to make the environment toxic to certain plants, insects, and rodents, so it should not be surprising that other plants and wildlife are deliberately harmed at the same time. In addition many chemical pollutants are toxic to wildlife, such as PCBs, mercury, petroleum by-products, solvents, antifreeze, etc. †¢ Hunting and Poaching: Unregulated hunting and poaching causes a major threat to wildlife. Along with this, mismanagement of forest department and forest guards triggers this problem. †¢ Natural Phenomenon: Floods, earthquakes, volcanoes, lightning, forest fires How to cite Wildlife-Conservation and Importance (India), Papers

Horrifying Effects of a Senseless War Essay Example For Students

Horrifying Effects of a Senseless War Essay Horrifying Effects of a Senseless WarDirty Work is an irresistible debut novel from one of the greatest novelist in American literature today. Throughout each chapter, Larry Brown creatively changes the narrator between the two main characters, which works magnificently. He is bold and decisive in his telling of two disabled individuals being tormented by the physical and emotional hell they withstand in the everlasting Vietnam. Braiden Chainey has no arms or legs due to a machine gun (73). Walter James, thanks to a rocket grenade, no longer has his face (66). As they lay side by side in their separate beds in a V.A. hospital 22 years later, their wounds still ache. These two Mississippians, one white and one black, tell each other their horrendous stories. One by one, they take turns describing the details of their lives and the outcome wanted for their future. Many old themes of literature are invoked in this astonishing tale of hatred, emotion, vengeance, and even passion. Their vivid memories portray the true reality of how that horrifying war gave the veterans the unforgettable long-term effects. Dirty Work is an extraordinary novel, which continuously shows the harsh realities of a powerful war. The two main characters in this novel are compelling. Every feature and emotion mentioned about each individual are so realistic that they are unforgettable. From their family background to their scars of war, each and every aspect is told with such detail and brilliance that the story almost comes to life. Brown utilizes southern slang to the greatest. When Braiden and Walter speak to each other, they perfectly mimic the mistakes and shortenings of everyday southern speech. Most of the dialect indicates brilliantly the way that people whom the author might have encountered at times in his life may have spoken. In one passage, Walter speaks with a nurse, showing their strong southern culture coming out through speech:â€Å"Where’d you learn that song?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Known that all my life, So you one of themDirty Work is strongly in the tradition of a classic war book with some southern heritage. The emotional, yet sometimes humorous characters give the novel such life that it is hard to put it down until it is over. Brown certainly succeeds with his first novel, which is a magnificent examination of the way the wounds, physical and emotional, that generation endured so many years ago, still haunt those who both loved and cared for the brave soldiers who were wounded in this sense less war. Bibliography:Works CitedBrown, Larry. Dirty Work. New York: Vintage Books, 1989.